What is Elbow Instability?

Elbow instability occurs when the ligaments that support the elbow joint are stretched, torn, or weakened, leading to a feeling of the elbow “giving out” during certain movements. This condition can result from trauma, repetitive stress, or congenital ligament laxity.

What Causes Elbow Instability?

• Dislocations or fractures of the elbow joint
• Repetitive overuse, especially in throwing athletes
• Ligament injuries, including ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears
• Chronic wear and tear leading to ligament laxity
• Connective tissue disorders (e.g., Ehlers-Danlos syndrome)

Common Symptoms:

• A sensation of the elbow slipping or giving way
• Pain, especially during activities like pushing off from a chair or throwing
• Clicking, popping, or catching in the elbow
• Decreased strength and grip weakness
• Recurrent dislocations or subluxations (partial dislocations)

How is it Diagnosed?

Your hand surgeon will perform a physical exam to assess joint stability, range of motion, and ligament integrity. Special stress tests may be used to evaluate instability. Imaging studies such as X-rays can check for bone abnormalities, while an MRI or CT scan can assess ligament damage in more detail.

Treatment Options:

• Non-Surgical:
  • Rest and activity modification to avoid further strain
  • Bracing or taping to support the elbow
  • Anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) for pain relief
  • Physical therapy to strengthen surrounding muscles and improve joint stability
  • Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation if needed
• Surgical:
  • Ligament Repair or Reconstruction: If ligaments are severely torn, they may need to be repaired or reconstructed using a tendon graft.
  • Arthroscopy: Minimally invasive surgery to remove loose fragments and assess ligament damage.
  • Elbow Stabilization Surgery: In cases of chronic instability, procedures to restore joint alignment and prevent recurrent dislocations.

Recovery and Rehabilitation:

• Non-surgical treatment typically involves a structured rehabilitation program over several weeks to strengthen the elbow and restore function.
• Post-surgical recovery may require immobilization followed by physical therapy, with full return to activity taking several months.
• Athletes, especially throwers, may require a gradual return-to-play program.

If you experience persistent elbow instability or discomfort, schedule a consultation with us to discuss the best treatment options for you.