What is a Distal Triceps Rupture?

A distal triceps rupture occurs when the tendon that connects the triceps muscle to the olecranon (the bony tip of the elbow) tears. This is a rare but serious injury that can lead to significant weakness in elbow extension (straightening the arm). It most commonly occurs due to sudden force applied to the elbow while the triceps is contracting.

What Causes a Distal Triceps Rupture?

• A direct blow to the back of the elbow
• A sudden, forceful extension of the elbow against resistance
• A fall on an outstretched hand
• Increased risk factors: steroid use, chronic tendon degeneration, metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes), and prior elbow injuries

Common Symptoms:

• Sudden pain at the back of the elbow
• A popping or tearing sensation at the time of injury
• Swelling and bruising around the elbow
• Weakness in extending the elbow against resistance
• A noticeable gap or soft spot where the tendon should be attached

How is it Diagnosed?

Your hand surgeon will examine your arm for signs of weakness and tendon damage. During the exam, they may squeeze the back of your upper arm to see if your elbow moves properly. They may also ask you to try straightening your arm against gentle resistance to check for strength loss. X-rays can help rule out bone injuries, and an MRI is often used to see the full extent of the tendon tear.

Treatment Options:

• Non-Surgical:
  • Recommended for partial tears in low-demand individuals.
  • Immobilization in a brace followed by physical therapy to strengthen the remaining tendon fibers.
• Surgical:
  • The preferred treatment for complete ruptures, especially in active individuals.
  • Involves reattaching the tendon to the olecranon using suture anchors or a bone tunnel technique.
  • Best performed within a few weeks of injury to prevent tendon retraction and scarring.

Recovery and Rehabilitation:

• Initial immobilization in a brace or splint with the elbow in partial flexion
• Gradual range-of-motion exercises followed by strengthening therapy
• Full recovery typically takes 4-6 months, with return to sports and heavy lifting around 6 months post-surgery

If you suspect a distal triceps rupture, schedule a consultation with us to discuss the best treatment options for you.