What is the AC Joint?

The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is where the collarbone (clavicle) meets the highest point of the shoulder blade (acromion). It plays a key role in shoulder movement and stability. AC joint injuries and conditions include sprains, dislocations, and osteoarthritis, each affecting function and causing pain.

Types of AC Joint Pathology:

• AC Joint Sprain: A stretching or partial tearing of the ligaments that stabilize the joint, often called a “shoulder separation.”
• AC Joint Dislocation: A complete disruption of the ligaments holding the clavicle in place, leading to a visible deformity.
• AC Joint Osteoarthritis: A degenerative condition where cartilage wears down, leading to joint pain and stiffness over time.

What Causes AC Joint Pathology?

• Trauma: Direct blows to the shoulder from falls, sports injuries, or accidents
• Repetitive Stress: Overuse from weightlifting, throwing, or repetitive overhead motion
• Aging: Natural wear and tear leading to osteoarthritis

Common Symptoms:

• Pain at the top of the shoulder, worsened with movement
• Swelling and tenderness over the AC joint
• A visible bump or deformity (especially in dislocations)
• Clicking or grinding with shoulder movement (common in osteoarthritis)
• Weakness and difficulty lifting the arm

How is it Diagnosed?

Your surgeon will assess your symptoms and perform a physical exam to check for pain, deformity, and instability. X-rays are commonly used to evaluate the severity of injury or arthritis, and in some cases, an MRI may be needed.

Treatment Options:

• Non-Surgical:
  • Rest, ice therapy, and activity modification
  • Anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) for pain relief
  • Physical therapy to restore strength and mobility
  • Corticosteroid injections for osteoarthritis-related pain
• Surgical:
  • AC Joint Reconstruction: Ligament repair or reconstruction for severe dislocations
  • Distal Clavicle Resection: Removing part of the collarbone to relieve osteoarthritis pain
  • Arthroscopic or Open Surgery: Depending on the severity and patient needs

Recovery and Rehabilitation:

• Mild sprains typically heal within a few weeks with conservative care
• Dislocations may require longer recovery, especially if surgery is needed (4-6 months)
• Osteoarthritis management focuses on long-term pain relief and function preservation
• Physical therapy plays a crucial role in restoring shoulder strength and movement

If you have persistent shoulder pain or suspect an AC joint injury, schedule a consultation with us to discuss the best treatment options for you.